The occurrence of snails ( Gastropoda } on the dumps of the Ostr 6 wka and Otowianka quarries

In the paper, the author describes the occurrence of snails on the dumps of the Ostrówka and Ołowianka quarries, which was studied quantitatively by means of a biocenometer. The four localities in question differ between each other in succession level. Three snail species have been found: Helicella obvia (Menke, 1828), Bradybaena fruticum (O. F. Müller, 1774) and Cepaea vindobonensis (Ferussac, 1821). The author pays attention to the succession of the snails on the described dumps. Key WordS: malacofauna, succession, pile, quarry http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/folmal.004.003 Folia Malacol. 4: 39–45 Folia Malacologica 4/1990 was originally published as No. 1276 of Scientific Bulletins of University of Mining and Metallurgy, Cracow. This digitalised version was prepared by the Association of Polish Malacologists and first published on-line on December 30th, 2016. ZESZYTY NAUKOWE AKADEMII GORNICZO-HUTNICZEJ IM. ST ANISlAWA STASZICA ~'«1276 FGiiMICOiQGiCa z. 4 ki'atow 1990 JADWIGA BARGA-WH;Ct.AWSKA The occurrence of snails (Gastropoda} on the dumps of the Ostr6wka and Otowianka quarries


Introduction
In the Holy Cross Mountains there are numerous quarries of Hmestones and dolomites as weH as ~)~ants to process the rough materials.k was due to the discovery of copper and lead ores OCcurring in sman concentrations in Devonian Umestones that the Checlny mining-rnetallurgic Certre developed in the XlXth century in the vicinity of Mledzlanka, Che<:iny and Sklby (FIJAt.KOWSKA & AJAt.KOWSKI 1976).At the beginrling of this century the limestones and dolomAes started to be Intensively exploited and the recent 40 years develOpment of surface mining and building industry has br~ about a seriOus degradation of environment and changes in the landscape of the said region.
A new element of the relief of the area are both huge dumps of waste material and vast caYings.They are remains of the worked out parts of deposits.To put a limit on the further devastation a development plan concerning the Chf:ciny area was put forward.In the nearest luture several nature reserves are going to be created to cover live hills and a fragment of an inoPerative quarry.The reserves will be part of the protected landscape zone that wiH save the natural enVironment of the Checiny region The landscape value of the area, the interesting COfYirnuntties of flOra and fauna.and the presence of numerous valuable objects of inanimate nature rank the saki region among the natural landscape and geological museums.
The Ostrowka and otowianka quarries are situated in the southwest part of the Holy Cross ~alns.between the rivers Bobrza and lo~na and the .rivers Czarna Nida and Biata Nida, in the square determined by the UTM coordinates DB-62 (Fig. 1 ).This is a warm.strongly insolated.
Well-drained area, its substratum being largely Hmestone.No large forest complex can be found in the closest vicinity: it is only in the southern part of the area that the hills G6ry Skibskie are overgrown with forests.The Ostrowka quarry covers an area of 42 ha, and the otowianka one, out of operation since 1970.covers an area of 11.4 ha.
The region In question is the warmest part of the Holy Cross Mountains.~he average annual temperature is 7.2 ... 7.40C: the temperature ranges from -3.00C to -2.20C and from 17.90C to 18.20C, in January and July, respectively.The number of sunny days per year Is 35 -42, the one of cloudy days being 97 -142.The snow cover lasts for 60 -84 days in a year, and the annual rainfall is 600-650 mm (KOZLOWSKA-SZCZI;SNA & PASZYNSKI t967).In t987, the year of sampling, the parameters were as foHows: mean annual temperature: 5.50C, mean temperature in January: -12.20C, mean temperature in July: 17.60C, total annual rainfall: 624 mm.series representing 1 sq.m of surface.AU samples were taken In the lower and middle parts of the dl.mps' slopes, 2 m to 1 0 m from the base.They were sorted just after they had been taken.

Description of localities (
OVer 200 Uvlng specknens alogether were found on Locally I, I, and IV.On Locality 11 and Ill two species were found apiece, while on Locality IV there was a very big population of one specieslleikt!JIII a/JI'il (MENKE, 1828).

Species found
I~ Mril (MENKE.1828) Is a Southeast European species.In Poland, Its contiguous distribution range covers the southern part of the country, the western limit running ttvough the SHeslan Upland and West Beskldy Mountains.According to 'PIECHOCKI (1981) the species Is very common In the SW part of the Holy Cross Mountains, Jiving In numerous colonies on limestones or xerophillc turfs.SOme localities of H a/JYNI In the Holy Cross Mountains were also recorded by GEYER (1917), P~SI<I (1911).CZUBJNSKI & URBANSKI (1933), KAZANOWSI<I (1938KAZANOWSI<I ( , 1939) ) and the complete set of distribution data is given by RIEDEL (1988).
H a/Jna finds favourable conditions In habitats that are unfavourable to other snail species, which are, for Instance.habitats changed by man; the species may also be numerous In towns (ALEXAM:>ROWICZ 1988).(REDEL 1988).The snaH can Hve In stvubs.forests.parks and gardens, on humid and moderately humid substrates. in more or less shady habitats but is much scarcer in places where it can find little shade.Its young live among xerophiles and in forests growing on a dry or rather dry substrate being rich in calcium carbonate (LO~EK 1964).PIECHOCKI (1981) found two localities ot the species in the Holy Cross Mountains: the WilkomUa Hill (277 m a.s.l.) and the lysa Gora Mountain (500 m a.sJ.).whereas DZII;CZKOWSKI (1971) recorded its occurrence in the Swinla GOra Nature Reserve by Kielce (325 -350 m a.s.l.).lt is probable that, unlike in other regions of Poland. in the Holy Cross Mountains ll IMJcum is a rare species.
Cf!P~i¥ nndobonenl/s (FERUSSAC.1821) is a Southeast European species.In Poland. it ocurs mainly in the southern part whereas is absent in the northern one (RIEDEL 1988).
The north distribution range of the species is the Holy Cross Mountains (POUI\ISKI 1924).In that

Snail succession on dumps
The succession of snails was studied by several authors, a.o., by VALOVIRTA (1979), on small Islands of the Baltic Sea, and by BABA ( 1979), on alluvial plains of the Hungarian Lowland.The PreVious author described a gradual increase in number ol the pioneer species that appeared on the i~nds of a rising archipelago.As on the studied dumps of the quarries of the Holy Cross Mountains, In the initial stage of succession only single taxons were present.The other author oave a characteristics of the conditions of coloJ1i$ing flood plains by snails having been brought by floods.Among the 23 taxons that had gradually got established in the new environment there we~e all the three species found ori the dumps in the vicinity of Checiny.
Pioneer species appear in habitats where the structure of soli has been destroyed or not developed yet, which are subJect to large temperature and humidity fluctuations.As vegetation devetops, in two-layered and.then.three-layered plant communities favourable living conditions are created for euryecologlc taxons, the ones, in particular, that prefer insolated.dry or n"IOCSeratety humid habitats.One of the taxons is ~~ obl'ia.a species that can be very llUrnerous In artificial habitats (quarries, road and railway embankments, dumps.etc.).The Pretence of the other two taxons 1/lratf}tMena ln.tlic1111.CePHN Ylildobonensis} at the described dUfllps indicates that the environmental conditions are diversified only In the initial stage of the formation of habitats.
The western part of the Holy Cross Mountains makes studying the succession of snails possible.There are numerous dumps of a different age, which are overgrown to a various degree, subject to a natural recultivation.These are dumps consisted of either limestone and dolomite material or sandstones, quartzites and other rocks.The malacofauna of the man-made habitats is to be thoroughly studied in future.
Fig. 2) locaHty I is situated on a dump of the Ostrowka quarry, at 253 m a.s.l.The dump was created in 1986 and is now being enlarged In Its western part.1t covers an area of 3 ha and is formed of sandy clay mixed with a considerable amount of limestone rubble.The slopes of the dump fall at a steep gradient to NW and SE.The plant community is two-layered (d, c).The mossy layer (d) is little compact and comprises .Poh/1.1 ntl.ansLINDB.. Cre.ator:fon pt/IJJ(I't>US BIRD.. Tortl/14 sp., and other taxons.In the herbaceous plants layer tlvee sub-layers can be distinguished: the lowest sub-layer (et) with small patches of .P~ aJ'iculare L and Medcago 4/pv#ilti L .. the intermediate sub-layer (c2) with Tussiltigo /artara L., Davcvs c.arott1 L. Centt~urea cyanus L. Sed.nl sera/J{JIIthre L., and the upper sub-layer (ea) with scarce specimens of Ver/J.asctmIIMpstltJm13e SCHRAD.and C.arduus cnSpu.rL. In its composition.the community corresponds to the Senec.tJni-Tussiapi?e/tmcommunity of the class Che/JtJP0(#4cea and to communities of the class Sedo-Scler.anlhete.a.Locality 11 is situated on the main dump of the Ostr6wka quarry.The dump was created 10 years before the year of the study.The slope of the dump is steep (40-50o) and is exposed to NW.The main compound of the substratum is fine limestone rubble containing 95 ... 97% of calcium carbonate and a small part of clay.The plant community is two-layered (d.c).The mossy layer has 30% of cover and consists of a.o ..P~I.W.m p,illen.mSCHREB .. lN}un sp., .Poh.fa nti.ansLINDB .•and Tonula sp.The herbaceous plants layer consists of two parts: c 1. with the dominant species Th}lmus 17i*gloi(Ms L. and c2 With Festuca ru/Jra L.. Sanquisor/Ja mi1or SCOP .. Daucus c.aral.aL.. and Ff'ilprlil Yesca L. The community corresponds to turfs of the class SeoE7-Sclera/Jihete.a.Locality IU is situated at a dump of the Ostr6wka quarry.The dump was created 8 years ago and is now being raised, its slope exposed to the north.The plant community is three-layered (d, c. b).The mossy layer (d).developed rather well. is composed of.a.o .•.Po/1#8 nuti111s LINDB .. .PQr}f/iciJUtl p.illertm SCHREB.. Cti/IMrne.aU1dtAI.alt1WEB.et MOHR.In the herbaceous plants layer three parts can be distinguished: et. with Hernialii1 plti/Jra L. and Aren.ari<l seiP,YIIIloJid L.. c2, with large aggregations of Tuss.laf/0 li11'ft1r.aL., C3. with single tussocks ol C/Jdmaenert0/1 Fit. 2. locilltes at Ostrowka and Olowlanka quarries: 1 -locality.2 -forest border: 3 quarry border; 4 -dump border

1
/ntJI,Jtlll~m~ h«~ (O.F.MOLLER.1774) Is a European species.In Poland lt Is common ttvoughotJ.the Lowland and, less numerous, lt occurs In the Uplands and Foot-Hills region, C.~ is quite numerous and PIECHOCKI (1981) recorded it from 10 localities In the vicinity of Checlny.Another locality is the Wietrznla Mountain by Kielce (CZUBINSKI & URBAI\ISKI 1933).C. lli7da!'Jollensis is a typical species of xeric habitats.whichlives on sunny Slopes in xerophile turfs, on limestone rocks and in dry, light forests and parks.The shells of the three species have well visibe stripes on them.The Helice#a obl'ia specmens found at three localities had white shells with very distinct, dark brown, broken stripes.The shells ol Br44Daena /r~icun were reddish brown or yellowish white.with a dark stripe and only few Specimens were unicolour.The shells of Cep.re4 Y.i1rto~Jonenslr were white, marked with live <lark stripes, two of them narrower and less intensive in colour.