CLASSIFICATION OF MOLLUSCS OF SLOVAKIA FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THEIR EXPOSURE TO

The paper deals with the assessement of the state of the malacofauna of Slovakia, from the point of view of its exposure to danger. On the territory of Slovakia 243 autochthonous mollusc species are known to occur. The exposure to danger being considered, the author includes the mollusc species into three groups: critically threatened, threatened, rare. Key WordS: Slovakia, malacofauna, Gastropoda, checklist, distribution, conservation Folia Malacologica 4/1990 was originally published as No. 1276 of Scientific Bulletins of University of Mining and Metallurgy, Cracow. This digitalised version was prepared by the Association of Polish Malacologists and first published on-line on December 30th, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/folmal.004.008 Folia Malacol. 4: 157–162

Important for Its existence In a given area.lt Is due to the sustained gro ~lution sources and of other negative factors In natural environment that we must confront the s rious problem that the word •protect• will have to be consequently superseded by the word "save•.lt is t easy to learn the ecological way of thinking.We can witness many cases of the excessive explort'lrtlon of some natural resources that would suffice for several years under conditions of carelu!mana~.Man has somehow forgotten that nature, Just as he himself, needs a deflnle time for rehablltatlon.Moreover, man has assumed the right to decide on the Hie or existence of living organisms.As a result of the unreasonable utilization of nature not only several species of organisms are threatened with extinction but also minor and, consequently, major crises may artse.
The task ol both state nature protection authorities and voluntary societies is to point out that SUCh a way of utilization of natural resources Is wasteful as weN as futUe, and to work out a satisfactory compromise between the demands of nature protection and those of the exploitation of natural resources.One ol the other tasks Is to survey and appraise the current state of the Individual species ot organisms and table proposals tor their ettectlve protection and use.
The present paper deals with the assessment of the current state of molluscs on the territory of Slovakla.ll Is due to several malacologlsts (V.LO~EK.VL.HlJDEC, J.BRABENEC, S.MACHA, UISICKY, V.KROUPOVA, J.~TEFFEK, V.PFLEGER) that the present state of the knowledge of the molluscs and their dlstrlbliion is on such a level that allows to assess in an objective manner the exposure to danger, the rarity and slgnlllcance ol each species.
On the territory of Slovakia 243 species of recent and autochthonous molluscs are recorded.From the aspect of the present state of exposure to danger of some species of molluscs in Slovakia, they may be classified Into the tonowing categories (STEFFEK 1987b).

Critically threatened species
Species Included into this category occur at present In Slovakia at one or a few localities.

Ul. Rare species
Species either having their distribUlion tin)it on our territory or being limited to a smaN area within Slovakia: -AC/i:lia parcelfi7eata (CLESSIN.1911)-Carpathian species of autochthonous forests; -An/sus sep/t!'ITI!lJ'I'"alus -sporadically on the East Slovakian Plain and in the Danubian -T.bielb.westernboundary of distribution.
Two species are separately registered-YaJ!oniaa~WESTERLUND, 1881, and C~s petD.tna(BENOIT.1862) that were identified only once on the territory of Slovakia.lt is tor approximately 30 years that their occurrence has not been confirmed.
The gist of preserving a certain mollusc species lies In maintaining the a~ochlhonous state of its biotope.What has to be done away forthwith in the first instance are all negative effects (chemlcaNzallon, air pollution, changes in climatic conditions, culture variation, land meNoratlon.This species, just as the preceding one.does not expand farther from its contemporary area lt Is situated in a llood valley In the culminating sector of two rivulets in a sylvan environment.As to its territory, the arrea ol occurrence forms part of the Ponltrie Protected Landscape Area.The locality is affected by the laUou~ ol exhalations lrom factories placed rather closely.The effect of exhalatlons has hitherto not been monitored The territory has been proposed to be made a proteded finding place, which would prevent Its liquidation by clear feUing.Such an exploitation mode wOUld similarly change both the climatic and habitat conditions of the said species.
,;f,f,JW /Jielzi c/81/Yalais an endemite of the Slovak Karst.The distribution area of this species spreads on the slopes of the Zadielska Oolina vaHey and on the adJacent rockY biotopes.
The entire distribution area Is a territorial part of the SlovenslcY Kras Proteded Landscape Area and, even more, k is stringently protected as a state nature reserve.The only potential threat to the locality and thus also to this and other species Is the presence of a cement factory situated in the neighbourhood of the vaney mouth.The effed of exhalatlons from the cement factory upon the species has so far not been traced.
Owing to their numerous Incidence and numerous populatlons, additional mentioned endemic species of molluscs have.not been proposed to be included into the International Red Book.
These are ChtJnd'J?H la/ricH.l-/eklgon.1 c~ H rOS'SITMesslen; Sadler/HnH pannt:Jnica.The distribution areas of the species Oeroceras IHuense and Bel{lralldela s/orenicH agg.are so far unknown.In spite of these fads it Is necessary that all Slovak endemites as well as additional species of molluscs threatened in their existence under the conditions of Slovakia be entered into the red Hst of animals ol Slovakla.
YOdicuUs (TROSCHEL, 1834) -on the Danubian Plain (sporadically); -Gyraut/slael'is (ALDER.1838)-sporadic occurrence; -Cobnela c0tti1Jella (G.v.MARTENS.1830) -glacial relict; -c~ ca~western boundary of dislrlbWon -an East-carpathian species; -Candid.llaStJOSJ8na (J.WAGER.1933) -West Carpathian species: -hl!!licops!Sslriala (O.F.MOI..LER.1774)-relict occurrence in the Danubian Plain: -1-tW% Uescens ROSSMXSSLER, 1837 -western boundary of distribution: -TrlciJtil AfkowsA'ii (POLrNSKI, 1924) -western boundary of distribution: etc.).Which Is the present state of molluscs suggested to be Included Into the International Red List of Animals?SpelaeodScvs tatr.icusis an endemile of the Belanske Tatry Mountains, spreading on a small territory of the Tatra Basin In the area of the Suchi Dotlna valley.Is population Is not very numerous, nor Is it directly threatened at present by conspicuous detrimental Influences.lt Is of advantage that Its entire distribution area coincides, In terms of territory, with the Tatra National Park.where the origination ol negative phenomena is ruled out and In the close vlcinly no sources of pollution are sluated, either.The territory is an attractive area for tourism.C~ /Nnbr/8/a remota-is an endemlle of the northern portion of the Vta~nik Mountain.Its distribution area encompasses a small territory in the neighbourhood of the Byst,Y Potok brook.