Twenty five species of Pupilloidea of 10 genera have been found in the Miocene brown coal deposits of the open-cast mine Bełchatów. Four genera: Gastrocopta, Strobilops, Nesopupa and Negulus became extinct in Europe before the first major glaciation. Another one – Planogyra – is now represented by one extant species in southern Europe only. Three malacofauna-bearing horizons: Be³-C, Be³-B and Be³-A are correlated with biozones MN 4, MN 5 and MN 9, respectively. Analysis of ecological requirements of extant pupilloid snails, particularly of the taxa extinct in Europe and found in the Bełchatów mine, combined with palaeobotanical data, provide some palaeoecological and palaeoclimatic cues. Stratigraphic significance of some pupilloid species is discussed. A new combination, Nesopupa minor (Boettger, 1870), is proposed.